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Difference Between Windows and Linux

Computers were once computing devices that only scientists or those with specialized knowledge understood and used. Nowadays, computers are quite common and are used in almost all of our day-to-day activities. Now, computers need an operating system, which is like the heart of a computer.

Windows and Linux are two most popular operating systems for desktop computers and laptops. Here’s a breakdown of the key differences between Windows and Linux.

What is Windows OS?

Windows is a commonly used operating system developed and marketed by Microsoft. If you’re using a personal computer at home or at work, then there’s a good chance that it’s using Microsoft Windows. It’s known for its user-friendly graphical interface; it includes features like the Start menu, taskbar, and icons for easy navigation.

Windows was announced by Bill Gates back in 1983, and it was created two years later. Microsoft has released several versions of the Windows operating system since its inception, and Windows 11 is the latest in the lineup. It’s a proprietary OS, meaning its source code is not open source.

Windows often integrates seamlessly with other Microsoft products and services, such as Microsoft Office, OneDrive, and the Microsoft Edge browser.

What is Linux OS?

Linux is an open-source, UNIX-like operating system or kernel first created by the young and bright Linus Torvalds in 1991. The term “Linux” represents the entire operating system, which includes the Linux kernel along with supporting system libraries, utilities, and software applications.

Linux is open-source, meaning its source code is available to the public. It’s a secure system, and there’s a global development community constantly looking at ways to enhance its security. The OS becomes more secure and robust with each upgrade.

In Linux, everything is a file. Directories are files, and devices like printer, mouse, keyboard, etc. are all files. There are three types of users in Linux: regular, administrative, and service.

Difference between Windows and Linux

Source Code

Windows is a proprietary operating system developed by tech giant Microsoft. Its source code is not available to the public, and users typically need to purchase licenses for its use.

Linux is open-source, meaning it’s available to the public for free. Users can modify and distribute it under various open-source licenses.

User Interface

Windows is known for its user-friendly graphical interface (GUI), featuring a Start menu, taskbar, and icons for easy navigation. GUI is the primary interface for most users.

Linux also provides graphical interfaces, but it is renowned for its powerful command-line interface (CLI). Users who prefer more control often use the command line for various tasks.

Software

Windows is highly compatible with a vast range of commercial software applications and is a popular platform for gaming and productivity tools.

While Linux has increased its software compatibility, it may have limitations with certain proprietary software. However, it has a vast repository of open-source software and package managers.

Security

Windows has historically been a target for malware and viruses. The security model includes features like User Account Control (UAC) and Windows Defender.

Linux offers robust security features. The permission system, regular security updates, and the principle of least privilege contribute to its strong security reputation.

File System

Windows typically uses file systems like NTFS (New Technology File System) for data storage. It offers features like file-level encryption and access control. You cannot have two files with the same name in the same folder.

Linux often uses file systems like ext4, XFS, or Btrfs. The file systems are designed for stability, performance, and security. You can have two files with the same name in the same directory, provided they use different cases.

Windows vs. Linux: Comparison Chart

Summary

While Linux isn’t an operating system that people think of, when they think about computers, it’s extremely popular. It’s still regarded as a great operating system and is known for its stability and reliability. However, Windows is still the most commonly used operating system on home computers. It is known for its user-friendly GUI and is compatible with a broad range of software applications.

FAQs

What is the main difference between Windows and Linux?

Windows is a proprietary OS, meaning its source code is not for open use; you buy it, and it comes as is. Linux, on the other hand, is open source.

Is it better to have Linux or Windows?

It depends on what you want to do. If you’re looking for a familiar experience with lots of software options, Windows might be your go-to. But if you like to customize things and be a bit adventurous, Linux could be more your style.

What are the disadvantages of Linux over Windows?

Some popular programs might not work on Linux right out of the box. Also, not all hardware devices are guaranteed to work smoothly with Linux.

Which is more faster, Windows or Linux?

Linux tends to be faster than Windows because it is lightweight and its file system is very organized.

Why should I use Linux over Windows?

If you enjoy having more control over your computer and like the idea of using free, open-source software, Linux might be your go-to.

Why should I switch to Linux?

One, Linux is basically free and is way less prone to malware. Second, you get a friendly community always ready to help out if you have questions.

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References :


[0]Siever, Ellen, et al. Linux in a Nutshell. O'Reilly Media, Inc.", 2005.

[1]Jones, Bradley L. Windows Live Essentials and Services: Using Free Microsoft Applications for Windows 7. Wiley, 2009.

[2]Ratajczak, David. Is Linux a better desktop operating system than Microsoft Windows?. GRIN Verlag, 2015.

[3]Image credit: https://www.canva.com/photos/MADBnhQAlbA-pixelated-linux/

[4]Image credit: https://www.canva.com/photos/MAEwtmImnFs-man-installing-software-updates-on-laptop-computer/

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